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History of UNIX

The UNIX : Bell Labs UNIX which was originally called UNICS ( UN iplexed I nformation and C omputing S ervice). The grandfather of UNIX was CTSS ( C ompatible T ime S haring S ystem) and the father was the Multics ( MULT iplexed I nformation and C omputing S ervice) project which supports interactive timesharing for mainframe computers by huge communities of users. UNIX was born at Bell Labs in 1969 by Ken Thompson and later Dennis Richie . These two great researchers and scientists worked to create an interactive timesharing system called the Multics. Multics was created to combine timesharing with other technological advances, allowing the users to phone the computer from remote terminals, then edit documents, read e-mail, run calculations, and so on. Over the next five years, AT&T corporate invested millions of dollars in the Multics project. They purchased mainframe computer called GE-645 and they dedicated to the effort of the top researchers at Be...

File Systems supported by Linux

ext is an elaborate extension of the minix filesystem. It has been completely superseded by the second version of the extended filesystem ( ext2 ) and has been removed from the kernel (in 2.1.21). ext2 is the high performance disk filesystem used by Linux for fixed disks as well as removable media. The second extended filesystem was designed as an extension of the extended filesystem ( ext ). See ext2 (5). ext3 is a journaling version of the ext2 filesystem. It is easy to switch back and forth between ext2 and ext3 . See ext3 (5). ext4 is a set of upgrades to ext3 including substantial performance and reliability enhancements, plus large increases in volume, file, and directory size limits. See ext4 (5). hpfs is the High Performance ...

File System in Linux

A simple description of the UNIX system, also applicable to Linux, is this: On a UNIX system, everything is a file; if something is not a file, it is a process. In Linux, everything is configured as a file. This includes not only text files, images and compiled programs (also referred to as executables), but also directories, partitions and hardware device drivers. For better understanding, first go through file systems supported by linux. Various directories in Linux are: /bin – Essential user command binaries used for general operations: Copy, show directory, etc. (ls, cp, and cat – we'll get to these commands soon) /boot – Static files of the boot loader. Files here are necessary for a Linux system to start (Kernel & GTUB information) /dev – Where the device files are located /etc – Configuration files for all programs. Things like an apache web server, users & groups on your system, or printer configuration. Think of this as a control pane...

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